教学设计 杨某某

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教学设计

Sentences: Main Clause & Subordinate Clause

------ The Attributive Clauses

**_*学 杨某某

摘要：英语教学中词汇教学是基础，但是重中之重难中之难是语法教学，不管是初中生还是高中生句子理解都是最大的障碍，所以我们在高中阶段有必要总结归纳一下句子构成的基础以及做题方法及原则，本着简单清晰易懂的思路让学生对英语语言的基本构架有全面正确的理解，从而提高学生的英语兴趣以及做题能力。当然，目前最大的难题是复合句，尤其是主从句概念，组成，以及做题方法，定语从句却是最重点也是最根本以及出现及使用频率最高的从句类型。这里我们重点设计定语从句分析。

关键词：简单句，句子成分，复合句，主从句，主句，从句，并列句，主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，定语从句，先行词，关系词，状语从句

教学要求

课时要求：两个课时，90分钟

语法课我的原则是精讲加上学生练习，强调学生自主学习把课堂让给学生去练习，讲解，所以课下学生预习课下必须花大量时间。??

I. Lead-in

T: Hello, everyone, look at the blackboard and today we will study sentence. First, would you like to discuss what the most important factors are in English study?

Ss: Words, because without word, we can not know the exact meaning of English.

T: Absolutely! Any others?

Ss: Sentences, I think. Words are just like the bricks in buildings, while sentences form the main structure of the buildings.

T: Yael! That is just my personal point of view. So today let’s see how to develop sentences? Let’s see the examples.

Eg. I am going to go abroad next month. _____A____

I like English best. _____A____

I like English best and learn it every day. ____A_____

I like English best and I learn it every day. ____BC_____

Not only do I like English but also my sister likes it very much. ____BC_____

I like the flowers he gave me yesterday. ____BD_____

A.简单句B.复合句C.并列句D.主从句

So here we can come to a conclusion:

句子---简单句

复合句---并列句

主从句

We can conclude as well as follows:

初中知识：简单句---主谓宾定状补语

时态语态---现在，过去，将来，进行，完成，被动（主动语态）

高中知识： 复合句---A并列句，注意连词and but or not only ---but also not ---but 等

B主从句---主句和从句（大句子，小句子）

主从句基本结构： 大句子+（___连接词______+小句子）注：括号是从句部分

主从句分类：定语从句 非定语从句(主宾表同位状语从句)

主从句做题方法：定语从句---大句子中N.+（___连接词______+小句子）

N. 带入小句子

非定语从句---大句子+（___连接词______+小句子）注：括号是从句部分

从句部分缺少什么就补充相应内容

若从句部分缺少主宾表，连接词补充what 指物 who 指人

若从句部分缺少状语，连接词补充when where why how because 等副词

若从句部分缺少意思是否，连接词补充whether

若从句部分不缺少意思以及成分，连接词补充that

注意：连接词是做题关键，同时是区分用句子形式还是非谓语动词形式的关键

有and but or 等连接词则连接句子

有that what who when where why how because 等连接词也连接句子

要是只有逗号则不能连接并列结构，此时应该使用非谓语动词形式

Ask the students to take notes and then give them several minutes to remember them in heart.

II. The Attributive Clauses

定语从句，即句子做定语，Eg.漂亮的花朵，他给我买的花朵，均为定语，只不过定语从句的定语一般因为过长都放在修饰的名词后面，所以这也就不难理解名词为什么被称为先行词了，

主句、从句、关系词 先行词（大句子、小句子、连接词）

定语从句---大句子中N.+（___连接词______+小句子）

先行词N. 带入小句子

若名词直接带入，连接词用that which 指物 that who whom 指人，称为关系代词

whose可以指人也可以指物

关系代词作宾语表语时可以省略

The man / was here yesterday is a painter. That/who

The man / / / I saw is called Smith. That/ who/whom/省略

A child parents are dead is called an orphan. whose

I'd like a room window looks out over the sea. whose

若名词不能直接带入，连接词处：介词+which指物 或者 介词+whom指人

有时候可以用when where why 等代替

We will put off the picnic until tomorrow / the weather may be better. On which/when

I like the school / my sister studies. in which/when

That is no reason / you should leave. For which/why

The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that B

She had two brothers and a sister,_____ faces she could remember , because they had died when she was very young.A. none of whose B. none of themC. neither of whose D. all of whose A

The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.　A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which　 D

定语从句的特殊情况

1.只能用that不能用which的情况

先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代词时

He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.A. which B. as C. who D. that

Is there anything__________ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs

I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else’s fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what

DBB

先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same

The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.A. which；that B. that；which C. which；which D. that；that

My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who

The TV play I watched last night is the best one ____ I have watched this year.A. which B. what C. whose D. that

This is the very film ___ I've long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom

I like the second football match __________ was held last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /

This is the last time__ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what

DADBCA

先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that

We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last nightA. which B. whom C. who D. that

Both the girl and her dog ____ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.A. which B. who C. they D. that

All the passengers and suitcases ____ were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus.A. they B. who C. which D. that

DDD

2.当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that

同理，当先行词是that, those时，用关系代词which或who。

Who is the person ___ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who B. that C. which D. whom

Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.A. who B. that C. whom D. which

Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that

Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn

BBDD

3.当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时，关系代词常用who

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。

4.像look after, look for等固定短语动词

在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

This is the baby __tomorrow.A. after whom I shall look B. whom I shall look after C. whose I shall look after D. after whom I shall look after B5.situation, case, point, business , position等后常用关系副词where 指抽象地点

After graduation she reached a point in her career___ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B．what C．which D．where

I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A which B where C how D why

I can think of many cases ____students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where

Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.　A. where B. when C. who D. which

DBDA

6. occasion(时机)做先行词用关系副词时某某when

It was a rare indeed unique occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right

7.the way做先行词

首先要确定the way在定语从句中做什么成分。如果the way在定语从句中做主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。如：

I don’t like the way ____ will cost too much money.

The way____ he thought of to solve the problem was not practical.

如果the way在定语从句中做状语，关系词用下面三种情况的的任一种都行①in which, ②that ③省略

The way ____ he answered the question was surprising.

A. how B. that C. in which D. 不填 E. B\C\D E

III限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句



形式上

不用逗号和主句隔开

用逗号和主句隔开



意义上

是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除

是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整



译法上

翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”

通常翻译成主句的并列句



关系词的使用上

A. 做宾语时可省略 B.可用that C. 可用who代替whom

A.不可省 B.不用thatC.不用who代替whom



注：Which 可以指代前面一整句IV. as和定语从句

as 和限定性定语从句

先行词被such so as the same 所修饰，后用as ,构成固定结构

the same…as与the same…that

the same…as指同一类，the same…that指同一个

I bought the same car as yours.我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。

This is the same bag (the very bag) that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包

That is th 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 C. what D. whether

You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose

The news ____ he has been elected president of the United States is true. A. that B which C. what D. where

The news ____ you told me yesterday is true.A. that B when C. what D. where

BAAA

VI. Conclusion

Ask the students to review the points ahead of time and then we can organize the students to exercise more and discuss more.

Give the students several minutes to check the answers.

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