定语从句简单版

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定语从句

Attributive clause

定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以介词短语、分词为例）

例： The girl behind the tree is Kate.

The man running on the playground was a doctor.

在英语中，在复合句中修饰名词或代词的用作定语的句子叫定语从句。

例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.

The man who was running on the playground was a doctor.

1.定语从句的概念

在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词

或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句，

因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。

Attributive clause:

定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。

定

语

从

句

的

引

导

词

关系

代词

关系

副词

指人

指物

who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，

that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)

that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)

whose(定语) “XXXXX.的”

where (地点状语)

when (时间状语)

why (原因状语)

2.定语从句的构成要素

①先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）

②引导词：关系代词或关系副词

找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。

用什么关系副词看先行词。

如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词

eg: This is the factory （where he works.

3.引导词——关系词的分类

1.The man is a farmer.

2.The man is speaking at the meeting.

合并句子:

The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.

Mary is a girl.

Mary has long hair.

合并为一个句子

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词

关系词

定语从句

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

关系代词

关系副词

which, who, whom, whose, that

Where, when

定语从句的用法:

当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.

These are the trees which were planted last year.

当先行词是人时, 用who, whom,

whose, that引导.

who, whom, whose, that用法区别.

who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.

The man （who is speaking at the meeting） is a worker.

The man is a worker.

The man is speaking at the meeting.

分解

作主语

Whom 作定语从句的宾语

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.

The woman is a teacher.

They wanted to visit the woman.

分解

作宾语

whose 作定语从句的定语.

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

分解

I know the girl.

The girl’s mother is a teacher.

作定语

that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.

注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时某某

省略.

The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

visit的宾语

4.定语从句的考查方向:引导词的考查

理解掌握几个区分:

①区分that 和which

②区分as和which

③区分定语从句和状语从句

④区分定语从句和名词性从句

⑤区分定语从句和强调句型

③先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰。

1.下面情况只用that不用which和whom:

I watched all the glasses were on the table fall off the table.

The parks are the clearest parks you can imagine．

Corn was not the only food was taken to Europe．

They talked about things and persons they remembered.

Who is the person you just talked with?

The village is no longer the one it was 5 years ago.

There are many apples are very delicious.

that

that

①先行词为much, little, none, someone, something等不定代词。

②先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。

that

that

④先行词既有人也有物。

that

⑤以who /which开头的疑问句。

that

⑥先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

that

⑦在there be 句型中，指物只用that。

that 和which 的区别1

2.下面情况不用that:

This is the book about 　　　　we are talking now．

Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, 　　　　his parents expect.

What’s that is flying in the sky?

which

①介词后面：

which

②非限性定语从句中：

③当先行词本身是that时：

which

that和which的区别2

which和as的区别

1.Tom has made much progress, ______makes

me very happy.

3. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the

production plan.（句首）

4._________ I explained on the phone, your request will

be considered at the next meeting.

5.He married Mary, we expected.（正如）

6. He married Mary, we didn’t expected.

7. Let’s read such books will make them better.

8. He will give you such information will help

you.

As

As

as

as

as

which

which

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

①as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为“正如，正像”；而which常某某“这一点，这件事”

③ 在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词被as, so ,the same, such 修饰时，关系代词常用as

总结：which和as的区别

介词＋关系代词which/whom

He built a telescope he could study the skies.

The glasses, I’ll be blind, is lost.

I’ll never forget the day I joined the army.

Do you know the man you just shook hands?

5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _________ she could turn for help.

6. He washed ten windows, ______________hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

through which

without which

on which

with whom

to whom

most of which

如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。

Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the

year round).

where

October 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).

when

The window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.

Which

that

The meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.

Which

that

如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词

Attributive clause:

限制性定语从句 restrictive

非限制性定语从句non-restrictive

是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从

句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。

和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。

I was the only person who was invited.

in my office

Jenny, with whom I played table tennis

yesterday, lives in my next room.

The man who came here yesterday has

come again.

That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter

teaches English at a middle school.

注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.

1.He was late again, _______case he was blamed.

2.He stayed in London for ten years, __________

time he picked up some French.

比较：

1.He was late again, and in that case heXXXXX

2.He stayed in London for ten years, and during that time he XXXXX

只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。

in which

during which

1.Do you still remember the days __________ we spent in Qingdao?

2. Do you still remember the days ________ we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?

用that , when, why, where , which填空

1.I want to know the date, _______you were born.

2.I have forgotten the date __________ you told me.

3.Do you know the reason ________ he is absent today?

4.That is the reason____________I want to know.

5.This is the factory ________ his father works.

6.This is the factory ___________ his father built.

that/which

when

when

that/which

why

which/that

where

that/which

1.We have found a way ________ is useful.

2.The way ____________ he explained to us was

quite simple.

3.The way _________________ he explained the

sentences to us was not difficult.

4.It is a job ______ you can find something

interesting and significant.

5.She often has no such occasion ____ she can

spare some time for his children.

6.We have reached a point _____ we should

make an immediate decision for it.

7.People often meet such cases _____ they have

no idea what to do.

that/which/不填

that/in which/不填

that/which

where

when

where

where

1.(2008,山东) Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

who B. which C. why D. when

2.(2007,陕西) Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

which B. as C. why D. where

3.(2009,浙江) I have reached a point in my life ____ I am supposed(应该) to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

4.(2009,福建) It’s helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently.

A. That B. when C. which D. where

D

D

B

D

定语从句做题三大步骤：

1.分析句子结构，找出主句和从句；

2.找出先行词（即被修饰的词）；

3.分析从句，缺什么就补什么。[全文已结束，注意以上仅为全文的文字预览，不包含图片和表格以及排版]

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