Attributive Clause
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The Attributive clause 定语从句GrammarUnit 4定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句相当形容词的作用在句中作定语。The girl who is brave and clever is Mary. 主句定语从句先行词关系词The girl is Mary.
Mary is brave and clever.who ,whom
(4) The woman __________________(我想见的) had already left.(3) The boy (who /whom) John spoke to is my brother.(1) I met a boy who can speak three languages.
(2)Do you know the student ________________ (曾经去过美国的)?
who has been to America(who/whom) I wanted to see关系代词 :whowhomthatwhichwhose关系副词:wherewhenwhy引导词
(1) A plane is a machine that can fly
(2)The noodles __________(我煮的) were delicious.(3) let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there
(4) The girl ___________________(我们昨天看到的) is Jim’s sister.Let’s ask the man that / who is reading the book over there.(that) I cooked(that )we saw yesterdayThatThe girl (that /who / whom) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
Which
区分 which 和 that .下列情况用that 不用which.
1.先行词为不定代词,如 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, little, few 等.
This is all (that) I want to say.
There is nothing( that) I could do for you
I have forgotten everything that was taught by the teachers at school.1) They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
2) The fish _______________(我们买的) were not fresh.
(which) we bought2.先行词被all, every, any , few, little 等不定代词修饰时.
All the books that are popular have been sold out.
Every dictionary that is published in this house is useful3.先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时.
The first place (that) they visited is Beijing
This is the best film (that )I have ever seen.4.先行词被the very, the only, the last 修饰时.
This is the very book (that) I want to buy. 5.先行词同时指人和指物时.
We talked about the things and persons (that )we saw then. whose(1)The man whose leg broke in a match used to be a football player.
(2) The house _______________________ (它的窗户破了的) is mine.
(3) The student_______________________is in our class .(他的父亲是一位科学家）
whose windows are brokenWhose father is a scientistThe boy is holding a dog .
He has golden hair . The boy is holding a dog .
His hair is golden .
The boy is Jim .
The boy is holding a dog .
The boy who has golden hair is holding a dog.The boy whose hair is golden is holding a dog . The boy who is holding a dog is Jim .The man is shouting for help .
His house is on fire . The man is Mr Black .
He is shouting for help .
The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.The man who is shouting for help is Mr Black .The girl is being taken to a hospital .
Her leg broke in the earthquake .The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital . Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.
I have a friend ________ has a good camera.
Do you work near the building ______ color is yellow?
It sounded like a train _________ was going under my house.
The boy ____________ we saw yesterday was John’s brother. that/who whose which/that that/who/whom 5. He is the last person _______ I want to see.
6. There is nothing in the world ______ can frighten me.
7. Here is the girl ______ school bag has been stolen.
This is the room ____________ we lived in last year
9.The boss _________company my father worked in is a very kind person.
10. The water ,_________was cold as ice ,was above her knees.
that that whosewhich/that whosewhichCorrect the mistakes in the following sentences.
Let me have a book at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday.
She was only one of the girls that was late for school.
This is the smallest computer which can be found in the world now.
All which can be done has been done.
He is the student whom I think is very friendly.
The speaker mentioned some writers and books which were unknown to us.
were that that who that “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句The school ( which/ that ) he once studied in is very famous.This is the boy ( whom/who/that ) I played tennis with yesterday.The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.The man to who/whom you spoke is our
headmaster.
The city in that/which she lives is far away.Are these two sentences right?注意:
介词+which（指物),不可省
介词+whom （指人),不可省
介词后不用who、thatpreposition+which（指物）
preposition+whom (指人）
How to choose the right prepositions
介词的确定方法①根据先行词来确定1.The speed _________ light travels is
300,000 km per second.
2.The room _________ there is a
blackboard is their classroom.at whichin whichThe girl ________ you spoke is my sister.
The West Lake, ____ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.②根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定forto whom Air, ________ which man can’t live, is really important.
③根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定withoutThe pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
with介词的位置
①一般情况下，介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。
This is the man ________________ I learned the news from.
This is the man ____________ I learned the news.from whom(who/whom/that)注意：
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，如：look for, look after, take care of, look forward to ….
This is the watch ( which/ that ) I’m looking for.
( × ) This is the watch for which I’m looking for.
This is the car ____which I paid 100$.
This is the car ____which I spent 100$.
This is the car ____which I go to work every day.
This is the car ______ which I can’t go to work.
This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down
This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone.
This is the car _______which we talked .
This is the car ____which the window was broken. foroninwithoutbyataboutofPractice“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most ,each, few, 等代词或数词。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
He loves his parents deeply, _______________are very kind to him.
Compare : He loves his parents deeply. Both of them are very kind to him
He loves his parents deeply, both of them are very kind to himboth of whom关系副词 when where why
使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1、关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词 + which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (= ) he arrived.
The office where (= ) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (= ) we did it.on whichin whichfor whichwhenThis was the moment _____________ Spielberg’s career really took off.
I still remember the holiday_____________ I made a trip to America.关系副词 when where whywhen /at whichwhen /during whichwhereChuck survives the air crash and lands on an island_____________ there are no people.This is the place_____________ we lived ten years ago.关系副词 when where whywhere/ on whichwhere/ at whichwhyThis is the reason why/ for which I am agai 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 (=as) I have said before.
as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。He won the match, as we had expected.
As we all know, he is a top student. 几种特殊的定语从句such…as..
He was not such a man as would be late for important meetings.
the same…as…
This is the same textbook as I used when I was a student.
the same…that…
I want the same book that he has.
the way (in which/that/-)
I like the way (that/in which) he gives the speech.
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