语法课件
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Subject-verb concord
—— 主谓一致
speaker
—— 丁某某
What is subject-verb concord ?
Subject-verb concord means the agreement between subject and predicate verb in number.
Number: singular or plural
Principles
1. Grammatical agreement 语法一致
2. Notional agreement 意义一致
3. Proximity 就近原则
Grammatical agreement
The verb must match its subject in number :
If the subject is singular or uncountable noun, the verb should take the singular form.
If the subject is plural, the verb should take the plural form.
e.g. Many girls come there to buy clothes.
Every girl comes there to buy clothes.
?
单数名词?+?and?+?单数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。如果and?并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：
e.g. The?dancer?and?singer?was?greeted?by?a?crowd?of?people.??
The?dancer?and?the?singer?were?greeted?by?a?crowd?of?people.
由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有
no,?each,?very?more?than?a? (an)?,?many?a?(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:
e.g. Many a boy and?many?a girl needs?love.?
如 果 集 体 名 词 指 的 是 整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集 体中的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有army ,?family,?audience,?club,?class,?group,?organization,?troop等：?
e.g. A?team?which?is?full?of?enthusiasm?is?more?likely?to?win.??
The?team?were?talking?over?some?new?plans.?
【注意】people,?police,?cattle等名词一般都用作复数:?
e.g. The?police?are?looking?for?the?lost?child.
Attention
Notional agreement
The verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than to the actual presence of the grammatical marker for that notion.
For example, the subject is not plural in grammatical sense, but it has plural meaning, and then we should use the plural verb; The subject is plural in the form of grammar, but in the sense is singular, so then use the singular verb.
e.g. Five minutes is a short period of time.
The crowd were running for their lives.
表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：?
e.g. Eight?hours?of?sleep?is?enough.?
一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,?politics,?physics，以及news，works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：
e.g. Physics?was?her?major.?
定冠词the?+?形容词或分词‖，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：
e.g. The?rich?get?richer?and?the?poor?get?poorer.?
Attention
Proximity
The principle of proximity denotes agreement of the verb with the head of the noun phrase that functions as subject. In the other word, the number form of the predicate verb depends on the form of the nearest word from it.
e.g. Either Mary or I am going to take the responsibility.
There is a pencil and two books on the desk.
当两个主语由or;?eitherXXXXXor;?neitherXXXXXnor;?whetherXXXXXorXXXXX;?not?onlyXXXXXbut?also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：?
e.g. George?or?I?am?wrong.?
?Not?only?the?students?but?also?their?teacher?is?invited?to?the?party.
There?be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致: (here引导的句子用法相同)?
e.g. There?are?twenty?girls?and?only?one?boy?in?our?class.
Attention
Practice
Work in pairs to discuss your understanding of Subject-verb Concord
Choose the best answers
1. How time flies！Ten years ___ passed.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
2. The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
3. Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
4. Cattle ______ on the hillside.
A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. were grazing
5. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.
A. were B. are C. is D. have been
Answers
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C
Conclusion
Definition:
Subject-verb concord means the agreement between subject and predicate verb in number.
There principles :
Grammatical agreement
Notional agreement
Proximity
Homework
Finish the practice of page 56 in the book a new English grammar course
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