ving

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V-ing形式

一. 含义

动词的-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，不能单独充当谓语。

二. 构成

1.构成: 动词原形+-ing

2.规则:

①一般情况，直接+ing;

②以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing;

③以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing;

④以ie结尾，变ie为y，+ing，例：die，dying；lie，lying.

关键词：含义 构成 特征 分类 成分 用法 形式 运用

三.特征

1.动词的-ing形式具有名词、形容词和副词等词的特点.

2. 动词的-ing形式由动词变来,所以保留了动词的某些特征,如它可以有自己的宾语,状语等.

He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.

四.分类

1.动名词:动词的-ing 形式相当于名词在句中的用法.

2.现在分词:具有动词的特征，可以表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作.

小结：doing 为非谓语动词，由do原形 +ing 构成，不能单独充当谓语,可以充当 1.主语 2. 宾语 3.表语 4. 定语 5.状语 6.宾语补足语。

doing

现在分词

动名词

具有名词，动词的特性

具有adj.，adv.的特性

成分

形式

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

√

XXXXX

XXXXX

XXXXX

XXXXX

做主语和宾语的肯定是_________；

做状语和宾补的肯定是__________。

Examples:

1)Seeing is believing.

(动名词做主语和宾语)

2)Be careful while crossing the street.

(现在分词做时间状语)

3)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

(现在分词做宾语补足语)

动名词

现在分词

1.做主语

例句呈现：

1.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.

2. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.

3.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.

五. 用法：

小结：

1．特征：

单个的动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

2.句型：

1）doing 作主语句型： Doing XXXXX. + V + O

2）但有些含有动名词的句型，为避免句子主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，-ing形式作真正的主语。下面列举几种最常见的句型：

Eg. It’s no use crying over spilt （倾倒出）milk.

① It +be +no good /use doingXXXXX做XXXXX无益/无用

It’s a waste of time thinking hard about the past.

②It +be +a waste of time doingXXXXX做XXXXX是浪费时间

The book is worth reading.

③It +be +worth doing XXXXX做XXXXX值得

There is no harm in doing so.

④There +be +no +n. +in +doing XXXXX做XXXXX没有XXXXX

2. 作宾语 (动词宾语和介词宾语）

He finished reading the book yesterday.

I enjoy learning English. (动词宾语）

I am fond of watching TV.（介词宾语）

动词+宾语

①只接doing

②只接to do

③doing和to do皆可，意义

区别很大

④doing和to do皆可，意义

区别不大

①以下动词须用doing 做宾语

1)记忆口诀：

双P延期 两建议

否认 错过了 练习

考虑 完成 不耽搁

喜欢 设想 不介意

面对 坚持 不放弃

避免 冒险 请原谅

对应单词：

postpone, put off, suggest, advise

deny, miss, practice

consider, finish, delay

fancy, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, mind

face, insist on, give up

avoid, risk, excuse, forgive

2)need, require, want + doing = need to be done 注意:主动表被动

动词want，need，require作“需要”解某某，后面的动词用动名词作宾语时，且与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，这个动名词的主动式表示被动意义。

3)give up, can’t help, look forward,

have trouble XXXXX. +doing

Eg1. My coat needs washing.

=My coat needs to be washed.

Eg2. I look forward to receiving your letter.

②下列动词常以动词不定式（to do）作宾语。

三个希望两答应

两个要求莫拒绝

设法学会做决定

不要假装在选择

hope; wish; want ; agree; promise

demand; ask; refuse

manage; learn; decide

pretend ; choose

想要拒绝命令

需要努力学习,

期望同意帮助

希望决定开始。

want ; refuse ; order

need; try ; learn

expect ; agree ; help

hope ; wish ; decide ; begin ;start

③ 有些动词既可接-ing，又可接to do作宾语 ,区别不是很大。

like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend, prefer.

He likes singing.

He likes to sing.

1)I must remember to take my notebook with me.

I remember seeing her somewhere before.

remember to do sth. 记得要做某事。

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事。

类似词：forget, regret, mean, stop, try.

④ 有些动词后既可以接doing又可以接to do作宾语,

意思上有明显差别：

2) I forgot to post the letter.

I forgot posting the letter.

forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事。

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事。

3) I regret to tell you that you can’t work here any more.

I regret not taking your advice.

regret to do sth 对马上要发生的事抱歉、遗憾，常某某say, tell, inform 等词连用。

regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事。

4) I did not mean to hurt you.

That means giving up my job.

mean to do sth.: 有XXXXXXXXXX的意图，打算，想XXXXXXXXXX

mean doing sth.: 意味着XXXXXXXXXX

5) He stopped to sing.

He stopped singing.

stop to do sth.: 停下来正在做的事，去做另一件事。

stop doing sth.: 停止正在做的事情。

6) We must try to get everything done on time.

Let’s try doing the work some other way.

try to do sth.: 设法、努力做某事

try doing sth.: 尝试做某事

7）He said nothing but just went on working.

After her early teaching career she went on to become a doctor.

go on doing sth.继续做同一件事

go on to do sth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事

8）I can’t help to finish her work, because I haven’t finished mine yet.

I can’t help crying when I heard the news.

can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事

Complete these sentences:

1. If you can keep ________(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved.

2. He has promised __________(come) to my birthday party.

3. I hate _________________(tell) lies!

4. * I will never forget __________(go) to Beijing with him last summer.

* I forgot ________(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.

reading

to come

telling/to tell

going

to tell

3. 作表语

His job is teaching English.

= teaching English is his job.

She is washing the dishes.

≠ Washing the dishes is she.

动名词做表语

现在分词做表语

现在分词与动名词做表语的区别：

动名词做表语表示主语内容，主语表语可交换位置；现在分词做表语说明主语的性质，特征，主语和表语不可交换位置。

Practice：

1)Learning is my duty.

2)The news is encouraging.

动名词做表语

现在分词做表语

4. 作定语

a. the laughing audience / an amusing story

He is famous for his role acting as a woman. （短语后置）

The girl singing on the stage is my sister.

比较

The amusing play = the play that is amusing.

The girl singing on the stage = The girl who is singing on the stage.

现在分词与动名词作定语的区别

现在分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词 ,说明其修饰名词的动作，性质或特征,它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，且可以转换成定语从句；动名词做定语说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，一般是单个动名词，放在被修饰名词之___，可以转换成for 短语，表示“供作...之用”。

前

前

a walking stick

(a stick for walking)

(a pool for swimming )

a sleeping boy

a moving story _______________________

(a story that moves people)

(a boy who is sleeping)

a swimming pool ____________________

动词 -ing 形式如果是短语，应放在所修饰的名词 ，相当于__________。

1. They are visitors coming from several countries.

（=who come from several countries.）

2.Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.

（=which offered me the job.）

3.The girl standing there is my classmate.

（ =who stands there ）

4. The man speaking to the teacher is my father.

后

定语从句

(who is speaking to the teacher)

Step 2. The boy who is coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine.

Step 1. The boy is coming to dinner this evening

He is a classmate of mine.

Step 3. The boy coming to dinner this evening is a

classmate of mine.

Wrong : The boy is coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine

There are some people are waiting at the bus stop

x

__

__

5.现在分词作状语

现在分词作状语时，⑴分词的逻辑主语必须是

句子的主语，⑵分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上

的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。

但要注意它的各种形式变化：

True or false:

1.Seeing from the top, the school looks more

beautiful.( )

2. Seeing from the top, we find the school

more beautiful.( )

F

T

6.形式：时态和语态

doing

having done

having been done

being done

not being done

not having done

not doing

not having been done

Eg. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。

（听见和进入两个动作同时或基本同时发生）

The building being built now is our new library.

现在正在建造地 这栋楼房室我们地 新图书馆.

（being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在进行之中。）

Having done the work, he went home.

（having done the work为现在分词的完成式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。）

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

（having been sold out 为现在分词的完成式，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。）

Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)

While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.

(=While ____ _____ ___ >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< D. Suffered

14. He looked around and caught a man______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting

C. to put D. putting

15. Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door.

　 A. waiting B. waited

C. waits D. to wait

16. The _______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”

　A. smiling B. smiled

C. smile D. to smile

再见

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