英语句子成分

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FUNTIONS IN SENTENCES

For Senior

*句子成分由词或词组充当

英语的基本成分有七种：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________和_________________________

主语（subject）、

谓语（predicate）、

表语（predicative）、

宾语（object）、

定语（attribute）、

状语

补语（complement）。

n.

adj. / adv.

To do/

V-ing

V-ed

etc.

主语

谓语

宾语

表语

Vt

系动词

Vi

n. / 代词

The + adj

V-ing / 从句

/To do

名词 / 代词 /

The + adj

V-ing / 从句 / to do

英语句子基本成分示意图

be / feel / seem / look

appear / stand / lie

become /get / grow / turn

go / come / remain/ keep

taste / smell etc.

n.

代词

adj. / adv.

To do

V-ing / V-ed

/从句

etc.

主语

主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于句首。

可以作主语的有：名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式、从句。

1. Our master is very kind.

2. He is a good boy.

3. Teaching them English is her job.

4. To work with them is very interesting.

5. It is necessary for him to attend the meeting tomorrow.

6. It is necessary that he will attend the meeting tomorrow.

(注意对比) It was in the book-shop that I met one of my old classmates last Sunday.

7. What to do next is unknown.

8. What we will do next is unknown.

1. We love China.

2. We have finished reading this book.

3. He can speak English.

4. She seems tired.

二、谓语

谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由

______ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.

动词

△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.

They can speak English well.

They are playing over there.

1）表状态be，He is a teacher

2）表持续keep, remain, stay主语继续/保持XXXXXXXXXX，He always kept silent at meeting.

3）表”像” “看起来像”系动词seem, appear, look ， He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.

4）表感官feel, smell, sound, taste,look.

5）表变化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come，主语变成XXXXXXXXXX He went mad after that.

6）终止系动词prove, turn out，主语已终止动作.

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。

系动词分类

表语

表语表明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。与连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语，位于连系动词之后，可以由n, adj, 或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。

1) He isn’t a teacher.

2) John is quite tall.

3) Are they in ?

4) His full-time job is selling newspapers.

5) The cup is broken.

6) He was to leave when the phone rang.

8) The question is when and where we will go for a picnic.

9) The children are in the reading-room now.

宾语

宾语用来表明动作的对象或目标, 是动作的承受者. 及物动词后的动词宾语. 介词后的介词宾语。可作宾语的：名词、代词、动词-ing、动词不定式、从句。

主 谓 宾

1) I don’t know the man over there.

2) He wants to be an engineer.

3) Alice thinks it interesting to swim with her.

4) Did you enjoy playing games

5) Do you know where to hold the sports meet?

6) I don’t know where the sports meet will be held.

7) We are interested in English.

挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want

to go swimming, how about you?

⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

双宾语

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语: 直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语.

He gave me a book.

间接宾语

直接宾语

宾语补足语

宾语补足语（宾补）位于动词宾语后，补充说明宾语的意义、状态。宾语，宾补为逻辑上的主谓关系。补足语有：n, adj,表方向地点的adv，doing, done, to do，介词短语等。

主 谓 宾 宾补

1) We made Jack monitor at the last class meeting.

2) Did you find our room very dirty?

3) Let him in, please.

4) I found him swimming in the river when it was getting dark.

5) I heard him sing three pop songs in the next room last night.

6) I asked him to give her his uncle’s phone number.

We found it difficult to solve this problem.

形式宾语

宾语补足语

真正宾语

I think it necessary that we should vote on it.

形式宾语

宾语补足语

真正宾语

挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

定语

定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词，定语可以是形，名，代，数，副，非谓，介，从），汉语中常用‘XXXXXXXXXX的XXXXX’表示。

定语分前置定语和后置定语。(一般单个词前定；短语、句子后定)

1) Something strange has happened.

2) The tall boy is Tom’s elder brother.

3) The woman doctor is my wife.

4) Do you know the man in the picture?

5) The sleeping girl is my younger sister.

6) The broken cup isn’t mine.

7)She is the only women to attend the meeting.

8)The man who is coming toward us is my father

找定语

1. What is your given name?

2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

状语 状语(Adverbial)修饰v、adj、adv或全某某, 说明地点

时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方

式或伴随情况 .

当状语的有:

a. （副词） Who can write beautifully? Please come here.

b. （介词短语）

We’re going to spend the holiday at the seaside.

c. （动词不定式短语）

His mother often comes to see him.

d. （分词）

He came in, smiling. / Going eastward, you’ll moutains and thousands of lakes.

f. （从句）

As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.

状语种类

?How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）?Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）?I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）?Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）?She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）?She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）?In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）?He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）?She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）?I am taller than he is.（比较状语）

挑出状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

同位语

在句子中, 一个名词或代词, 或相当于名词的短语或从

句, 放在另一个名词或代词之后, 用以说明它的性质或情

况, 被称为同位语(Appositive). 可作同位语的通常有:

a. 名词

This is my best friend, Tom.

b. 代词

We all got a surprise.

c. 数词

This prize is for you two.

d. 从句

I had no idea that you were here.

1.You will tell （your） friend that you’ve got to school.

2. But [as the moon gave far too much light], I didn’t

dare open a window.

3. [Another time five months ago], I happened to be

Upstairs [at dusk] (when the window was open).

主语

谓语

间宾

定语

直接宾语

原因状语

主语

谓语

宾语

4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the

thundering Clouds held me [entirely] in their power.

主语

主语

主语

谓语

宾语

独立成分

有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：mum, dad。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全某某的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等。

句子分类：

简单句、并列句和复合句

按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.?Tom and Mike are American boys.?She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.? He wants to go there but I don’t

hurry up, or you will be late.

This house belongs to Mr.Smith；it costs millions of dollars.

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall

This is the book that I want.

I think that he is right.

简单句的五种基本句型

1主+谓( S V)

主语 + 不及物动词（vi）：

We work. She came．

My head aches.?

The bell rang.

What he said does >>>>>>内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。<<<<<< im our monitor.

I can’t make myself understood.

We want to have the desk repaired.

简单句的扩展成份

简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。

I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.

The dog jumped through the window.

He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.

A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o’clock.

He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.

The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.[文章尾部最后500字内容到此结束,中间部分内容请查看底下的图片预览]

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