刘宏伟教学设计r

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Grammar

Teaching Aims:

.Review the Attributive Clause and learn to use the relative pronouns who, whom, that.

Teaching Important Points:

Review the Attributive Clause and try to master the relatives better.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to help the students master the Attributive Clause better.

Teaching Aids:

1. a projector

2.the blackboard

Teaching Procedure:

Step 1. Greetings and Revision

(Greet the whole class as usual.)

T: Yesterday we learnt a story about friendship. Who can retell the story to us?

S: Once there lived a well-fed elephant and a stray dog. The dog was attracted by the smell of the elephant’s food. He began to eat the rice that fell from the elephant’s mouth. Gradually, the dog grew bigger, stronger, more and more handsome. Meanwhile, they became used to being around each other. When they played, the dog would grasp the elephant’s heavy trunk, with his tail wagging happily and the elephant would swing him forward and backward, from side to side, up and down, and even in circles. With time going by, they became best friends and never wanted to be separated. Unluckily, one day a man took the dog away, so the lonely elephant became sad without his friend. From then on he did nothing, not even ear or drink. He seemed to be heart-broken due to the loss of his best friend. At last the man was forced to release the dog from his house. He ran as fast as he could, straight back to his best friend, the elephant. As we all know, friendship is one of life’s most wonderful things, in men and animals alike.

Step2. Review the Attributive Clause

T: In the last unit, we learned about one type of attributive clause which begins with who/that and is used to describe a person. When who works as the object in an attributive clause, it can be replaced by whom

(Show the following on the screen.幻灯片 2—7)

Step 3.Grammar

T: Now, please look at the screen. Here are two sentences. Pay attention to the underlined part in each sentence.

(Show the following on the screen.)

1. Yesterday we sat with two other girls who are in Pat’s science class.

2. We started talking and I surprised to find out that one of the girls has a cousin who lives near my house.

T: Now, who can tell us what clause the underlined part in each sentence is?

S: Let me try. They are both the Attributive Clause.

T: Good. Do you know what they modify?

S: Yes. In the first sentence，“two other girls” is modified by the Attributive Clause. And in the second sentence ,“a cousin” is modified.

T: Very good. Please sit down. Now, I’ll show you some other sentences on the screen. Study them carefully and you may discuss in pairs. A moment later, I’ll ask you some questions.

(Show the following on the screen.幻灯片 9—13)

(A few minutes later, the teacher begins to ask questions.)

T: You have learnt something about the Attributive Clause before. Now, I’ll ask some questions about these sentences. As you can see, there is an Attributive Clause in each sentence. Pay attention to the relative pronouns. What can you see from the first two sentences?

S: From them we know that “who/whom/that”can be used to introduce an Attributive Clause modifying a person.

T: Good. Can you tell the differences between the two sentences?

S: When the relative is the Subject of the clause, we can use “who”or “that”,and they can’t be left out. When the relative is the Object, we can use “who”“whom”or“that”and they can be omitted in spoken English.

T: Very good. Now, let’s look at the third and the fourth sentences. Who can tell the difference between them?

S: Let me try. From them we know that “which” or “that”can be used to introduce an Attributive Clause which modifies a thing. They can be left out when they’re the Objects of the Attributive Clause.

T: Quite right. Please sit down. From these four sentences, we know that “that”can be used to introduce a clause about either a person or a thing. Now, let’s look at幻灯片14-15.

T: Who knows what is used to introduce the Attributive Clause in this sentence?

S:I know. It’s “whose”.

T: Good. And “whose”is used as the Attribute of “parents”.They are usually put together. You shouldn’t separate them. Are you clear?

Ss: Yes.

T: Good. Now, please turn to Page19.Finish the first exercise quickly. After you finish, you may check your answers in pairs .Then we’ll check the answers together.

(A few minutes later, the teacher checks the answers with the whole class and gives some explanations if necessary.)

Suggested answers:

1. that 2.which/that 3.which\that

4.(which/that) 5.whom

Step 4. Tips

T: now, let’s learn the attributive clause in details.(幻灯片16 )

1. When talking about people, we use who, whom, whose, that;

2. When talking about things, we use which, that, whose.

Step 5. Practice

Choose the best answers. (幻灯片17—23 )

Join two sentences into one(幻灯片24—28 )

Join each pair of sentences with who, whom, that , which or whose.

1.The guys sometimes need my help.

The guys are in my English class.

The guys who/that are in my English class sometimes need my class.

2. We have to work hard for the National College Entrance Exams.

The exams will take place in less than three years.

We have to work hard for the National College Entrance Exams which/that will

take place in less than three years.

3.The girl has a good singing voice.

Everyone loves her.

The girl (who/that /whom) everyone loves has a good singing voice.

4.I have read the books.

The books were borrowed from the library.

I have read the books which/that were borrowed from the library.

5.A child is called an orphan.

His parents are dead.

A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.

6.The person was an American.

You were talking to the person.

The person (who/whom/that) you were talking to was an American.

7.The house is my uncle’s.

Its windows face the street.

The house whose windows face the street is my uncle’s.

8.Do you know the man?

I nodded to the man just now.

Do you know the man (who /whom/that) I nodded to just now?

let’s look at幻灯片29summarize all the relative pronouns who, whom, that,which,whose

step 6 the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause

(Teacher writes the following two sentences on the Bb:The man who greeted me is my teacher. John, who greeted me, is my teacher.)

T Well. Now please look at the sentences on the blackboard. In each sentence, there is an Attributive Clause, but there is something different. Please compare them carefully and tell the differences between them. I give you two minutes to discuss and prepare. Then you can tell your opinions to the class.

(Two minutes later.)

S1:A comma is used between the noun and the clause in the second sentence. No comma is used in the first sentence.

T: That’s right. Who can tell us more?

S2:In the first sentence, the Attibutive Clause tells us which person the speaker is talking about. However, in the second sentence, which person is being talked about is already clear, so I think the Attributive Clause is not a necessary part.

T: Excellent! Who’d like to translate them into Chinese?

S3:向我打招呼的那个人是我的老师。

Ｓ：约翰是我的老师。他向我打过招呼。

T: Quite right. You are all clever. The first Attributive Clause is called the Restrictive Attributive Clause. The second one is called the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. Their differences are as follows:

First, in meaning,the Restrictive Attributive Clause is essential to the clear understanding of the noun.Clauses of this kind are not usually separated from the rest of the sentence or left out in any way. However, the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause just gives useful extra information. It is not a necessary part of the meaning of the noun. Clauses of this kind can often be separated from the rest of the sentence or left out. Second, in writing, we don’t use commas with the Restrictive Attributive Clause, but commas are often used with the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. Third, in translation, the Restrictive Attributive Clause is usually translated together with the noun i 内容过长，仅展示头部和尾部部分文字预览，全文请查看图片预览。 nces between the Restrictive Attributive Clause. and the Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.

Step 8 The Possessive Case

一.?名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系,有两种形式。　　　其一是由名词后加?'s或?'?构成，多用来表示有生命的人或物。　　　其二是由介系词of加名词构成,多用来表示无生命的东西(包括植物)。 二.?名词后加's的所有格的构成方法。　　　方法1:单数名词后加's,单数名词以s结尾的后面加'或's。　　　方法2:复数名词以s作结尾的后加',不以s作结尾的后加's

Do some exercises 幻灯片41-44

Step 9 Homework

1. Go over the rules about the Attributive Clause to have a better understanding of them.

2. Finish off all grammar exercises in workbook.

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